| Rung ▲ / Leverage ▶ | Labor | Capital | Code / Media · zero marginal cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rules / PlatformHighest ceiling · take a toll | — | — | 🏆 Visa · App Store · WeChat |
| KnowledgePackage once, sell to many | Consulting firm (capped) | — | Online course (uncapped) |
| Space / AssetsOne space, many customers | Staffed restaurant | Debt-financed chains | — |
| TimeCapped at 24 hours | A job | — | — |
Same rung, different leverage, opposite ceiling: a consulting firm is capped by headcount; a course scales to 200,000 buyers.
Height decides how high; recurrence decides how long. A ceiling captured once is a lottery ticket — durability comes from repeat demand.
Subscriptions · habits · switching costs · network effects
“Winners all did X, so do X and you’ll win” is affirming the consequent + survivorship bias.
Find your cell on the 2×2 map.
Find the one standardizable action.
Turn it into repeatable steps.
Give a reason to come back.
Never debt-leverage an un-systematized business.
Move one rung — only when stable.
Above ~70% leverage, a downturn wipes you out. The 2008 casualties were the over-leveraged.
Addiction-based recurrence invites policy and public backlash.
Don’t mistake famous cases (Netflix, Starbucks) for a guaranteed formula.